Bélizaire and the Frey Children

Bélizaire and the Frey Children is an 1837 group portrait painting attributed to the artist Jacques Amans that is a rare example of period work of an enslaved person who is painted in a naturalistic manner. It is in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, in New York. The painting shows the enslaved Afro-Creole teenager Bélizaire together with the three children of the wealthy German-born New Orleans merchant, financier, and possible diplomat Frederick or Frédéric Frey. Frey's family purchased Bélizaire and his mother, Sallie, in 1828 for $750. Bélizaire, six years old at the time, was of mixed race, and these two factors enabled his positive identification. The bill of sale survives. He had siblings who had been sold and separated from Sallie. Bélizaire was born in the French Quarter in New Orleans. Historical records do not identify his father. The Freys also enslaved a number of other people in addition to Bélizaire and his mother, Sallie. The Frey family resided in a three-story townhouse near the French Quarter. His inclusion in the group portrait likely signifies Bélizaire’s importance to the Frey family. Ship logs indicate that Bélizaire accompanied Frédéric Frey when he traveled. Bélizaire was likely tasked with caring for the three Frey children, Élisabeth Coralie, born in 1828; Frédéric Émile, born in 1832, and Léontine, born in 1833. His appearance in the portrait is more like a peer or a half-sibling than of a slave, since Bélizaire is as well-dressed as the three younger children in the portrait and poses with confidence. While his exact relationship to the Frey family is not known, it has been speculated that he could be related by blood to the other children in the portrait, as a son of Frédéric Frey. “Children of the plantation” were not uncommon in New Orleans, though there is no record of contact between Frey and Sallie before Frey purchased her, much less a shared household seven years prior. Bélizaire was born in approximately 1822, so would have been about 15 years old when the portrait was painted. Two of the Frey children in the painting, Élisabeth and Léontine, died of yellow fever in 1837, the year the portrait was painted. Their brother, Frédéric Émile Frey Jr., died in 1846 at the age of 13 or 14. The youngest Frey child, a girl who was not included in the portrait, was the only one of the Frey children to survive to adulthood. The Frey family experienced financial difficulties during a recession. According to one family story, Frédéric Frey became angry with Bélizaire, sold him, and had him painted out of the portrait. Technical examination of the painting, however, indicates that he was painted out long after Frey's death. Records show that Bélizaire was sold in 1841, when he was about nineteen, to pay off the Frey family’s debts, though the Frey family bought him back soon afterwards. Frédéric Frey died in 1851. Following Frédéric Frey’s death, his businesses went bankrupt. His widow, Marie Colette Coralie Favre D'aunoy Frey, later sold Bélizaire for $1,200 to sugar planter Lézin Becnel in 1857 to be enslaved on the Evergreen Plantation. Bélizaire‘s mother, Sallie, who was a cook, was also sold to the Evergreen Plantation at this time. Bélizaire worked there as an enslaved domestic servant. Records show that Bélizaire was sold at least three times, but survived to be emancipated at the end of the American Civil War. The last known record of him appears in the 1865 records of the Freedmen's Bureau in New Orleans, a discovery made by retired geneologist Katherine Flynn. He was 37 years old at the time. The painting is the only known image that exists of one of the 400 persons who were enslaved at the Evergreen Plantation.

Subject
Frédéric Émile Frey, Léontine Frey, Elizabeth Coralie Frey, Bélizaire Frey